Allergy to pollen Nasal allergy to pollen is called pollinosis, and allergy specifically to grass pollen is called hay fever.

Marcus Byrne The dance of the dung beetle

Within South Africa, we've got about 800 species of dung beetles, in Africa we've got 2,000 species of dung beetles, and in the world we have about 6,000 species of dung beetles.

This beetle, unlike this chip bag here, this beetle uses one material, chitin.

Watch how often the beetle dances.

Coconut Larvae bug Con Đuông Dừa

The one on the left is the Namibian beetle pulling water out of fog.

So, what are pollen's properties? I hear you ask.

But pollen forensics can be very subtle.

A different pollen signature, if you like, or a different pollen fingerprint.

And look at what the beetle does.

Cool pollen, though.

I am allergic to pollen.

I am allergic to pollen.

Tom has a pollen allergy.

Tom has a pollen allergy.

Perhaps there's more pollen in the city.

That's a geranium pollen.

But anyway, take a look at its pollen.

Now, much of the pollen will still be there after repeated washings.

Because if you look closely at the beetle's shell, there are lots of little bumps on that shell.

So all we're interested in here is comparing the temperature of the beetle against the background.

So let's watch what happens when we put the beetle through the whole test.

Blue Beetle (Dan Garrett) and Blue Beetle (Ted Kord) at the International Catalogue of Superheroes Blue Beetle (Dan Garrett), Blue Beetle (Ted Kord) and

But not all pollen is quite so simple looking.

The pollen has little barbs on it, if we look.

This is a dung beetle. Watch what he's doing.

Garrett changed into Blue Beetle, but was killed in battle.

So when the moist breeze blows in off the sea, you get these droplets of water forming on the beetle's shell.

The beetle itself and the ball are probably around about 30 to 35 degrees centigrade, so this is a great big ball of ice cream that this beetle is now transporting across the hot veld.

Jonathan Drori Every pollen grain has a story

First of all, pollen is tiny. Yes we know that.

The fossilized pollen was not of savanna vegetation.

Bees help plants spread their pollen.

If the bark is removed around the entire circumference of a tree it is likely to die.

This beetle can detect a forest fire at 80 kilometers away.

He displaces the beetle, and now we have to see what is going to take place.

With the trains coming in to urban hubs, they can carry pollen with them, very light pollen, and it's just a big supermarket in the city.

Other dicotyledons and monocotyledons have monosulcate pollen, or forms derived from it, whereas eudicots have tricolpate pollen, or derived forms, the pollen having three or more pores set in furrows called colpi.

The stigma receives pollen and it is on the stigma that the pollen grain germinates.

Here is a scanning electron micrograph of a grain of pollen.

Like I said, pollen carries the male sex cells.

That tells me that it's actually been fossilized, this pollen.

Melissopalynology the study of pollen and spores found in honey.

They are distinguished from all other flowering plants by the structure of their pollen.